ABSTRACT
Objectives To display virtual pharmaceutical care programs implemented by pharmacists across the world. Accordingly, a search in PubMed, Scopus and Embase with keywords such as ''Pharmacist', 'Pharmaceutical care', 'Virtual platform' and its associated medical subject headings retrieved appropriate articles. The quality of each filtered article were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. Key findings A total of 2 14 841 articles were identified through database screening and 16 articles were extracted and finalized. Twelve papers presented different forms of electronic medical record-based virtual pharmacy systems that had significantly contributed to patient care;minimizing medication errors, rectifying adverse events, modifying drug administration patterns to reduce the fatality of drug-drug interaction and further promoting medication counselling. Nevertheless, few studies had social media platforms for providing clinical pharmacy services that depicted good patient satisfaction. Additionally, we were also able to portray community pharmacies that transformed themselves to provide better and easily accessible pharmaceutical care to their society. There are limited numbers of peer-reviewed articles on pharmacist-operated virtual systems. However, owing to the benefits imparted to patient safety and care by the virtual pharmacy in the era of pandemic, it is highly recommended that more pharmacy professionals contribute and implement such programs in their settings. Prospero Registration ID CRD42022307175.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The meteoric spread of COVID-19 had facilitated the researchers to develop vaccines. One among the most recommended, Covishield requires further investigations for lighting up the society towards the immunization program. The study has determined the severity and frequency of adverse event following immunization concerning the first and booster dose of the Covishield vaccine. Also, we investigated the relationship between the participant’s demographic characteristics with the adverse events encountered due to the two doses. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months among the individuals who were administered with Covishield vaccine registered via Indian government website, COWIN. Results: The study constituted of 2470 participants among them the frequency of females who received the vaccine (55.18%;62.36%) was more significant than the males, so as the adverse events (Female, first dose: 51.41%, Second dose: 64.92%). We observed participants with chronic diseases (39,5%) and had long term medications (15.57%). Those with age greater than 45 years (61.15%) were discerned by the unfavorable episodes of the vaccine compared to the youngsters. First dose predominantly spawn pain at the injection site (40.15%) whereas, fever (34.72%) was the major concern in the second. The causality assessment scale put forward by World Health Organization stated all the reported adverse events following immunization in the first (62.90%) and the second dose (30.28%) was allied to the same category, consistent causal association to immunization. Conclusion: The safety surveillance study helped in the investigation wherein the adverse event profile of Covishield vaccine was causal or coincidental. We intend the generated data would reduce the fear and augment the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine among the mass population.